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中国日报社总编室
2021年4月
代表作1
原文
Cliffside villagers step up to new homes and better lives
Major resettlement drive lays firm foundation for ethnic community development
By Alexis Hooi and Huang Zhiling in Zhaojue, Sichuan
Editor's note: With China set to meet its goal this year of eliminating extreme poverty before next year's 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, this series looks at the efforts of different areas of the country to erase poverty and improve livelihoods.
Yi ethnic group member MoseZiha strums his guitar as he looks into his propped up mobile phone.
The 44-year-old then bursts into song, livestreaming in the Yi language a soothing folk melody about families warmly welcoming guests into traditional homes.
That is exactly what Mose is doing – only that his home is a gleaming unit in a month-old apartment complex, complete with running water, electricity and other modern amenities.
"It is very comfortable here and I'm enjoying facilities I never had. I have everything I need," Mose said of his apartment in Zhaojue county of the Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture, Sichuan province.
He is one of more than 80 households from the county's Atuleer village that had started moving to new apartments in the county seat earlier in May, as part of latest efforts in a nationwide poverty alleviation drive.
Local government reports point to Zhaojue's significant achievements in poverty alleviation, in line with the nation's aim to eradicate extreme poverty — defined as living with less than 2,300 yuan ($325) in annual income — by the end of this year.
By the end of last year, 136 of the 191 impoverished villages in Zhaojue were lifted out of poverty, with 67,932 poor people from 15,239 households lifted out of poverty and the poverty rate dropping from 31.8 percent to 11.3 percent.
As of mid-June, the remaining 55 impoverished villages in the county, covering 7,081 households with 33,073 poor people, all shed their poverty label. In Atuleer alone, per capital income of poverty-hit residents is forecast to rise above 9,000 yuan by this year, or nearly five times the 1,961 yuan per capita income of poor households identified in 2014.
Comprehensive measures to fight poverty range from housing and health to entrepreneurship and education. County plans include safe housing projects for more than 4,800 needy households, over 100,000 night-school classes for farmers, nearly 10,000 skills and entrepreneurship sessions, and extensive public health and environmental projects for rural families. Business enterprises and groups from more developed coastal areas also work with the agricultural sector and help build Zhaojue's industries.
Liao Yuchao, the deputy county head leading its anti-poverty push, said the approach is a multilevel, multipronged one rooted in the provision of basic infrastructure and services and the development of income channels that tap the county's geographical, economic advantages and other strengths.
"This is a targeted effort. We must ensure that our residents continue to contribute to the economy and be part of society," he said.
Tall order
Atuleer village, perched on a 1,400-meter-high cliff, drew widespread attention four years ago when a Chinese newspaper published photos of resident students going to classes by scaling a patchwork of mountainside rattan ladders stretching 800 meters. The treacherous trip was also the main way for villagers to get to the nearest market several kilometers away once a week to obtain basic necessities and sell crops such as Sichuan peppercorns and walnuts.
President Xi Jinping himself expressed concern about the villagers and their reliance on the rattan ladders during a discussion with National People's Congress deputies from Sichuan three years ago amid the annual two sessions in Beijing, after he came to know about the villagers' plight in a TV broadcast.
Xi said the whole process of poverty alleviation needed targeted policies and precise, detailed measures, similar to what went into making intricate embroidery.
To help the villagers, the county and prefectural government had directed 1 million yuan ($141,000) to construct a handrailed, 2,556-stepped ladder made up of metal poles, making their climb safer and reducing their travel time to the nearest town by one-third to an hour.
AkeJiushe, deputy head of the county's information department and author of a major book detailing the development of the village in recent years, said the improved climbing conditions have certainly been a step up for Atuleer's progress, with many tourists also heading to the area and contributing to the local economy.
The village is set to become an anchor point for local authorities' focus on developing rural tourism into a pillar industry, including a few households staying behind to offer food and lodging to visitors even as most villagers move out to better work and living conditions in Zhaojue.
"The improvements have been remarkable since Atuleer took the spotlight and we're looking ahead to the next steps in its development," Ake said.
Solid support
At the county seat, under government subsidy plans for the new apartments, each Atuleer villager pays about 3,000 yuan for 25 square meters, with the payment capped at 10,000 yuan for the largest 100-sq-m unit housing a family of four members or more. Each family also receives nearly 2,000 yuan to help purchase household items. The government support is significant considering housing prices in the county that can average about 4,000 yuan per square meter for similar property, residents said.
Villager MoseZiha said the recent years' influx of tourists, who bought his walnuts, olive oil and other produce, helped to more than double his annual income to about 10,000 yuan. Just his walnut yield rose twofold to about 15 yuan a kilogram after riding on the increase in tourists.
Like other relocated Atuleer villagers, he maintains his small plot of land in the mountains even as he looks for work in urban areas to boost his income after moving from a cliffside adobe hut to his 50-sq-m one-bedroom apartment, which he shares with his brother. MoseZihalivestreams songs and other performances for social media fans – many of them buy his crops – with at least 5,000 of them on major video-sharing site Douyin.
ApiLari, deputy Party secretary of the new Yiwu community housing more than 2,700 resettled villagers like MoseZiha, said site amenities include a canteen, residents' cultural activities center, children's learning areas and even a retail strip offering traditional ethnic products and artwork like elaborate Yi embroidery to further supplement residents' incomes.
"They are not simply transitioning from adobe to concrete; these people are also getting support to develop their lifestyles and mindsets," Api said.
MoseWuha, a resettled Atuleer villager in the nearby Nanping new housing area, moved to his new 100-sq-m, three-bedroom apartment at the top floor of a five-story block in mid-May. MoseWuha's 19-year-old son, the eldest of his four children, lives with him while they wait for the rest of the family who will move from the cliffside village in the coming months.
MoseWuha, 48, said he ran an unprecedented stall at the peak of Atuleer selling refreshments to tourists after they were drawn to the area when the handrailed metal ladder was set up. That helped him make up to 2,000 yuan a month, a substantial upgrade from the subsistence farming he previously practiced. He is planning to operate a shop in his new community to continue selling local items, including his own Atuleer crops.
"This is a great change for us. We can keep our links with Atuleer and access better social benefits in the county seat like healthcare," MoseWuha said. "My children are already getting opportunities I never had. My youngest daughter, she is 7, can actually speak better Mandarin than me. She is enjoying school in Atuleer and we are all looking forward to living together again once the move is completed."
Learning advantage
The local school offering classes up to primary level at the foot of Atuleer is also being upgraded, with room and board facilities that can help accommodate 600 people on top of annual subsidies of 4,500 yuan for each student.
Gao Juan worked in retail but decided to teach at the school two years ago to do more for the community. The 30-year-old, who conducts Chinese and math classes, said the positive impact of the poverty alleviation measures on her students has been very heartening.
"Parents themselves also care more about the education of their children. Even in terms of better health and hygiene, the students help influence their family," she said.
Eleven-year-old student JibaZili said she enjoys her classes, which she used to take about three hours to reach from her home at the mountaintop before the metal ladder was built. That climb, reduced by an hour, is also more pleasant now, she said. Jiba said she is looking forward to the new communities in the county seat. "I also want to visit Beijing," she said.
On the slopes en route to Atuleer, ChimuAshi, 54, sells village specialties to tourists trying out the climb and makes up to 300 yuan a day during peak travel to the increasingly popular scenic spot. Previously, she had to rely solely on farming to survive.
"I've been here since I was 5," she said. "This is a big improvement."
END
译文
“悬崖村”村民集体搬家，悬崖特色成就旅游开发
重点移居工程为彝族社区发展打下坚实基础
记者：Alexis Hooi、黄志凌
编者按：中国将在明年中国共产党成立100周年之前实现消除极端贫困的目标，本系列报道聚焦中国不同地区为消除贫困和改善民生所做的努力。
44岁的彝胞某色子哈在家中一边弹着吉他，一边面对手机，用彝语现场直播一首舒缓的民谣，民谣讲述的是彝胞热烈欢迎客人到家的故事。
某色子哈搬到新家才一个月。新家在一个非常漂亮的小区，里面有自来水、电和其它现代化设施。
他说：“家里非常舒适，我享受着从未有过的现代设施。这里有我需要的一切。”
今年5月初，某色子哈和四川省凉山彝族自治州昭觉县阿土列尔村其他80多户村民开始搬入县城的新公寓，此举是全国扶贫工作的最新举措之一。
据介绍，昭觉县在实现国家制定的今年年底前消除极端贫困的目标方面取得了重大成就。中国的脱贫标准是人均年收入达到2300元人民币（325美元）。
截止2019年底，昭觉县191个贫困村已退出136个，15239户67932名贫困人口脱贫，贫困发生率从31.8%降至11.3%。
截止2020年6月10日，全县剩余的55个贫困村、7081户33073名贫困人口均已达到退出标准。预计2020年“悬崖村”贫困人口的人均收入将达9000以上，与2014年精准识别时贫困户人均收入1961元相比，将实现近五倍的增长。
昭觉县的扶贫措施涉及住房、健康和创业等领域。县里计划给4800多户困难户提供安全的保障性住房，举办超过10万场农民夜校班、近万场技能和创业讲座，以及兴办农村家庭公共卫生和环境工程。来自沿海发达地区的企业和集团也与昭觉县的农业部门合作，帮助昭觉建立工业体系。
昭觉县分管扶贫的副县长廖宇超说，昭觉县的扶贫措施涉及到多层次、多方面，根本做法是靠提供基础设施和服务，以及增加收入渠道来挖掘昭觉县在地理、经济和其它方面的优势。
他说：“这是有针对性的努力。我们必须确保我们的居民继续为经济作出贡献，成为社会的一部分。”
藤梯变钢梯
位于海拔1400米的悬崖上的阿土列尔村四年前引起了广泛关注，当时国内一家报纸刊登了当地学生为上学攀爬绵延800米的藤梯的照片。村民们每周一次到几公里外的市场买一次生活必需品，卖自家的川椒、核桃等农作物，都要攀爬藤梯。
2017年3月8日上午，中共中央总书记、国家主席习近平在十二届全国人大五次会议召开期间参加四川代表团的审议。总书记说，曾在电视上看到有关凉山州“悬崖村”的报道，特别是看着村民们的出行状态，感到很揪心。了解到当地建了新的铁梯，心里稍稍松了一些。当前脱贫工作，关键要精准发力，向基层聚焦聚力，有的需要下一番“绣花”功夫。
为帮助阿土列尔村村民，凉山彝族自治州政府和昭觉县政府拨款100万元建造了一个由金属杆组成的，2556级带扶手的钢梯，使他们更安全地进出村里。有了新的钢梯，村民们前往最近的乡镇的时间缩短了三分之一，也就是说只需要一个小时。
昭觉县县委宣传部副部长阿克鸠射写过一本名为《悬崖村》的书，该书详细介绍了阿土列尔村近年来的发展情况。他说，攀爬条件的改善无疑有助于阿土列尔村的进步。现在很多游客前往该村，为当地经济做贡献。
该村将成为当地政府把乡村旅游业发展成为支柱产业的一个锚点。尽管大多数村民搬到了生活和工作条件都好得多的昭觉县城，少数家庭仍然留守阿土列尔村，为游客提供食宿旅游服务。
阿克鸠射说：“自从阿土列尔村成为人们的焦点以来，变化非常显著，我们期待着其下一步更大的发展。”
旅游业增加了村民的收入
根据当地政府对阿土列尔村村民在县城所住新房的补贴政策，每位村民为25平方米的住房支付仅约3000元。新房最大面积为100平方米，是给四口之家或四口以上的家庭使用的，入住者支付上限仅为1万元。阿土列尔村村民入住在县城的新房，每户还可获得近2000元资助购买家居用品。当地居民说，该县类似楼盘的平均价格约为每平方米4000元，可见政府对阿土列尔村村民的支持力度很大。
某色子哈说，近年来大批游客涌入，他们买他家的核桃、橄榄油和其它农产品，使他的年收入增加了一倍多，达到1万元左右。随着游客增加，仅仅他的核桃价格就增加了两倍，达到每公斤15元左右。
某色子哈和弟弟从阿土列尔村悬崖边的土坯房搬到了县城里的50平方米的公寓里，为了增加收入，他还在城区找工作。但是，像其他新搬到县城的阿土列尔村村民一样，某色子哈在山上保留着自己的一小块土地。他为社交媒体粉丝直播自己唱的歌和表演，粉丝中很多人购买他的农产品。他在视频分享网站抖音上的粉丝至少有5000人。
昭觉县这次给阿土列尔村村民在县城里准备了四个安置点，某色子哈和2700多名村民搬到了其中的伊乌社区。伊乌社区党委副书记阿皮拉日说，社区有很多便利设施，如食堂、居民文化活动中心、儿童学习区，甚至还有一个零售区，卖传统民族产品和手工艺品，如彝族刺绣，以提高居民收入。
他说：“村民不是简单完成从土坯房到楼房的过渡，我们在改变他们的生活方式和思维方式方面也做了很多努力。”
48岁的阿土列尔村村民某色伍哈5月中旬搬到南坪社区，他的三居室新家面积100平方米，位于总高5层的楼房最顶层。他有四个孩子，19岁的大儿子和他一起住在新家，其他家庭成员将在最近几个月从悬崖边的阿土列尔村搬过来与他们团聚。
某色伍哈说，有扶手的钢梯建成后，位于悬崖边的阿土列尔村有了游客。他在村里最高处摆了一个村里前所未有的摊子，向游客出售当地的点心，每月能挣到2000元，收入比他以前从事自给自足的农业生产有了很大的提高。他计划在县城新家所在的社区开一家商店，继续销售阿土列尔村当地商品，包括他自己家里的农产品。
他说：“搬到县城的新家对我们来说是一个非常好的变化。我们可以保持与阿土列尔村的联系，同时可以享受县城里更好的社会福利，如医疗、教育等。我的孩子们已经得到了我从未有过的机会。我最小的女儿才7岁，普通话说得比我好得多。她在阿土列尔村上学很开心，我们都期待着搬完家后，我们在县城新家团聚。”
在通往阿土列尔村的山坡上，54岁的赤木阿史向尝试攀爬钢梯的游客出售村里的特产。在旅游旺季，她一天收入能达到300元。而从前，她只能靠种地过活。
她说：“我从5岁起就在阿土列尔村了，这里变化太大了。”
学校设施得到改善
位于阿土列尔村山脚下的村小学也在升级换代，学校具有能够为600名学生提供食宿的设施。村小学从2016年的3个年级增加到现在的5个年级8个班529名学生。每名学生每年补助标准为4500元。
高娟两年前开始在当地村小教书，这位30岁的老师教语文和数学课程，她认为扶贫措施对学生的积极影响非常振奋人心。
她说：“学生家长也更关心孩子的教育，而学生们也在影响着他们的家庭，让其更加注重健康和卫生。”
11岁的学生吉巴子里很喜欢在学校学习。在钢梯建成之前，她通常要花三个小时从山顶的家到达学校。她说钢梯建成之后攀爬时间减少了一个小时，而且攀爬的经历也更令人愉快。她对县城的新社区和新学校充满期待。她说：“我还想将来到北京参观。”
（完）
代表作2
原文
Surmounting harsh lot for move to progress
Village on arid slopes leverages support measures, self-reliance efforts to record rapid development
Editor's note: With China set to meet its goal this year of eliminating extreme poverty before next year's 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, this series looks at the efforts of different areas of the country to erase poverty and improve livelihoods.
Villager Ma Maizhi, 52, climbs out of a manhole, up to his knees in mud but smiling broadly as he announces that the pipes have been cleared.
Ma is working right outside his old home, an adobe hut built on the slopes of Bulenggou village in Dongxiang autonomous county of the LinxiaHui autonomous prefecture, Northwest China's Gansu province.
Like the grand concrete compound of the cultural center set to showcase ethnic Dongxiang traditions and customs right next to his previous premises, Ma has since moved to a new nine-room house, complete with electricity, running water and other modern conveniences.
The infrastructure improvements reflect the profound changes felt in villagers' lives as part of major poverty alleviation measures nationwide, with stakeholders and beneficiaries like Ma working hand-in-hand to close the development gap in record time.
"The pipes, roads, buildings … we never had all these just a few years ago," Ma said.
Other than his waterworks duties, Ma also helps with village sanitation and construction, which, together with government grants and other support, add to his eight-person household income of up to 80,000 yuan ($11,800) a year.
It is a stark difference from less than a decade ago, when they had to subsist on the potatoes, wheat and other crops they grew on their 0.74-hectare farmland.
Down the slope at a cookie production plant, his wife Ma Mai Re Ze, 44, cuts traditional Dongxiang "Hua GuoGuo "dough into creative knots and shapes before they are fried in rapeseed oil.
Ma, who has been working at the plant for two years after receiving skills training under local government support, earns up to 3,000 yuan a month, making her an equal contributor to the family income.
In the past, before she found work at the plant, women's status in the village was not as high as men, but new jobs and wages like hers have helped to change that mindset, Ma said.
"We can all help to improve our lives together, thanks to these changes in such a short time," she said.
National effort
On Feb 3, 2013, President Xi Jinping visited the Ma family in their old adobe home during an inspection tour of the province.
Xi, who is also general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, said the Party and the government attach great importance to poverty alleviation and development, especially those of ethnic communities. More support will be given to help the villagers, who must "carry forth the spirit of self-reliance, find a path to development, work hard and change the face of poverty early", Xi said.
Water must be brought in, roads laid and a new countryside constructed, to allow the poor to rid themselves of poverty and live a moderately prosperous life as soon as possible, he said.
In the few years following Xi's visit, local villagers and officials worked toward the goals he stressed, with major anti-poverty measures helping overcome Bulenggou's harsh living environment to spur unprecedented progress and development.
Ma Maizhi's old compound has since been transformed into an exhibition space to reflect the village's progress after Xi's visit, with tourists flocking to the site regularly to learn from its achievements.
Bulenggou sits amid the dry highlands of southwestern Gansu.
About 60 households of more than 300 residents make up the village, with limited farmland, poor infrastructure, inadequate water and other shortages pushing them to the forefront of the country's fight against extreme poverty in the past decades.
About 80 percent of Bulenggou villagers used to live in the hardscrabble adobe homes built on its barren slopes, many of them without running water, electricity and other basic amenities. The village was accessed via dirt tracks, with the nearest hospital 9 kilometers away.
Villagers soon received a lifeline when a water-supply project－including 15 km of underground pipes and seven reservoirs－brought the precious resource straight to their homes, allowing taps to flow uninterrupted.
Within the decade, villagers moved to modern homes, advanced machinery carved out more than 270 hectares of terrace fields, solar-powered lamps lit the streets, convenience stores opened their doors and public squares set up as recreational spaces.
Latest healthcare facilities include fully equipped clinics to help prevent and treat illnesses in the community.
Rapid improvements
The rapid improvements in Bulenggou highlight the nationwide resolve to end extreme poverty－defined as living with less than 2,300 yuan in annual income－by the end of this year. Eight years ago, the per capita net income of Bulenggou farmers was recorded at 1,624 yuan, significantly lower than the provincial average, while poverty rates hit up to 96 percent.
By the end of 2018, the per capita disposable income of villagers reached 6,815 yuan, more than four times the figure in 2012.
Dongxiang itself is one of the 23 counties in Gansu which has experienced severe poverty. It has a population of more than 310,000 distributed across 1,510 square kilometers. Impoverished Dongxiang residents numbered 109,100 at the end of 2013. That figure dropped to 12,800 by the end of 2019, with 114 villages shedding their poverty label and the county's rural residents achieving a per capita disposable income of 5,906 yuan, according to local government figures.
Pillar industries marked out to further tap water-supply projects and fuel "high-efficiency" agricultural development zones include cattle and sheep breeding facilities, Chinese medicinal plant sites, and forestry and fruit farming belts, with township tourism demonstration hubs helping to complement the economic growth. Animal husbandry drives cover 1.68 million sheep, adding more than 1,100 yuan to the income of every poverty-hit household.
Bulenggou villager Ma Jianying, 47, has been heading a sheep breeding cooperative for the past five years. With the help of government loans, grants and subsidies, his 500-square-meter facility can hold more than 300 sheep that help rake in over 200,000 yuan a year.
It is a vast improvement from his life before the anti-poverty measures, when his five-member household had to subsist on corn and potatoes grown on a 0.27-hectare plot.
"Our sheep, famous for their quality meat, are a major part of our lives here," Ma said. "Together with the roads, logistics networks and other improved infrastructure, they have now given us a firm way to move ahead."
Similarly, potato production forms a large part of the county's agriculture push, involving more than 20 million yuan of investment and covering 18,667 hectares of cropland and processing plants along the Tao River economic belt.
Dongxiang's medicinal honeysuckle industrial chain projects included 247 hectares of trial planting sites last year. A 0.67-hectare plot reaps about 150 kg of the flowers; at 24 yuan per kg, average profit per plot can exceed 3,000 yuan. Another 35 million yuan will be invested this year to promote the crop covering 667 hectares in 13 townships, according to local poverty alleviation plans.
The county is also banking on emerging and new industries to further improve the livelihoods of its residents. During the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-20), Dongxiang invested 620 million yuan to implement photovoltaic projects generating more than 101 megawatts of power, build 35 village-level photovoltaic power stations, and power more than 100 poverty-hit villages.
The projects are expected to help generate more than 113 million yuan in income, boosting household incomes by at least 3,000 yuan and helping to sustain related wages spanning two decades.
Similar projects are being carried out in nascent sectors ranging from e-commerce to tourism.
Pressing on
Yang Zhijun, deputy secretary of the county Party committee, said the next few steps will involve monitoring mechanisms to prevent a "return to poverty", in part by ensuring that key income targets are met and assistance measures in place to cope with disasters, illnesses and other factors that may adversely affect lives.
"Sustainable industry is key to stable income growth. To that effect, we will endeavor to extend production chains to help raise more incomes," he said.
In April 2018, the county also rolled out more programs to encourage women in the village to take part in skills training and job placements in sectors ranging from agriculture to food manufacturing. Within a month, workshops helped more than 30 women find jobs, reporting average monthly incomes of up to 3,000 yuan.
Ma Juan, 29, has been spearheading the push to involve more women in industry in Bulenggou. Ma returned to her Dongxiang hometown three years ago after completing her tertiary studies in the city, helping the production and distribution of the ethnic group's traditional cookies.
The Bulenggou cookie production plant, which employs 16 women, including villager Ma Mai Re Ze, and with a reported monthly output capacity of 12 metric tons valued at 280,000 yuan, showcases the latest marketing, e-commerce and other technologies that the young social entrepreneur helped initiate in her community.
"I wanted to drive positive change that included women's contributions and their empowerment," Ma Juan said.
"At first, I wanted to leave this place and escape poverty. But my perspectives changed and I felt it was important to return and make a difference," she said.
Shan Binjie, head of the village Party committee, said the significant and continuous improvements in infrastructure and services have not only raised the quality of life, but also opened up links beyond the community.
"Those who have been outside the village have also seen its development and actually been drawn back to start their own businesses and contribute," he said.
Bulenggou schoolteacher Sun Qiang arrived in the village from Gansu's Pingliang area about 400 km away seven years ago, before the elementary school moved down the slope to new premises boasting a two-level complex, reading corner, six teaching rooms including a computer hub, canteen and teachers' accommodation.
"When I arrived here, I initially thought about leaving because of the tough conditions. But I was advised to stick it out, because things would get better very soon… and that's exactly what happened," said Sun, 30.
Full enrollment
With more than 60 students, the village records full enrollment rates at its school and kindergarten. At least three of its students have graduated and have been admitted to universities.
"Teachers who get attached here now don't want to leave," Sun said. "They'll stay for at least a few years. The greatest satisfaction I get is when students do well and improve their grades."
Yang, the deputy secretary of Dongxiang's Party committee, said nearly 200 million yuan was used last year to build, renovate and expand 52 schools and three kindergartens in the county, with another 240 million yuan planned this year to invest in the education sector and the next generation, focusing on increased accessibility, quality and innovation to clear the path toward continued development.
"We want to make sure that no one misses out on our growth," he said.
END
译文
克服艰难险阻,迈进美好生活
干旱山坡上的村庄利用扶贫措施自力更生，走上快速发展之路
记者：AlexisHooi，马静娜
编者按：中国将在明年中国共产党成立100周年之前实现消除极端贫困的目标，本系列报道聚焦中国不同地区为消除贫困和改善民生所做的努力。
52岁的村民马麦志从一个下水道井口爬出来，泥浆没过他的膝盖，他笑着说，管道已经清理完了。
马麦志干活的地点就在他的老房子外，这个房子建在甘肃省临夏回族自治州东乡自治县布楞沟村的一个山坡上。
马麦志已经搬到一栋有九个房间的新房子。他的新房子在旧房子附近，像是一座具有现代化建筑特点的文化中心，展示着东乡族的传统和文化习俗。房子里通了水电，并配有其他现代化设施。
作为全国扶贫重要措施的一部分，基础设施的改善反映了村民生活中发生的深远变化。扶贫部门、基层干部和像马麦志这样的村民携手合作，在创纪录般的时间内缩小了发展差距。
“管道、公路、楼房……几年前我们还没有这些。”马麦志说。
除了负责自来水厂的管道工作外，马麦志还帮助村里打扫卫生，在建筑工地上帮工。这些工作的酬劳，加上政府补助和其他社会团体的帮助，使得他的八口之家每年的收入增加到了8万元(11,800美元)。
这与几年前的情况截然不同，那时他们仅能依靠在自家0.74公顷的农田上种植的土豆、小麦和其他农作物来勉强维持生活。
他44岁的妻子马麦勒则在山坡下的一家面点生产厂工作，她负责将东乡传统小吃“花馃馃”的面团切成形态各异的小块，然后用菜籽油炸熟。
马麦勒则在当地政府的帮助下接受了技能培训，现在她已经在这家工厂工作了两年，每月能挣3000元，这让她也为家里做出了贡献。
马麦勒则说，在她找到这份工作之前，村里妇女的地位并不像男人一样高，但是有个固定工作和稳定收入之后，村里人改变了这种男女不平等的观念。
她说:“多亏了在短时间内发生的这些变化，我们（妇女）也能为改善自己的生活做点事。”
举国之力
2013年2月3日，中共中央总书记、国家主席习近平来甘肃省视察，并走进了东乡族村民马麦志的土坯房。
习近平说，党和政府非常重视贫困地区的扶贫开发工作，特别是高度重视少数民族和民族地区的发展。他说：“我们一定会给乡亲们更多支持和帮助，帮助乡亲们摆脱贫困。乡亲们要发扬自强自立精神，找准发展路子、苦干实干，早日改变贫困面貌。”
他强调，要把水引来，把路修通，把新农村建设好，让贫困群众尽早脱贫，过上小康生活。
在习总书记视察后的几年里，当地村民和村干部朝着他强调的目标努力，他们制定的重点脱贫措施帮助村民克服布楞沟村恶劣的生活环境，村民的生活得到了前所未有的进步和发展。
习总书记视察后，马麦志的老房子被改造成了一个展览厅，展示布楞沟村在这几年里取得的进步，游客会来这里了解该村取得的脱贫成果。
布楞沟村坐落于甘肃西南部干旱的高原上。全村大约60多户300多人。在过去几十年里，由于农田有限、基础设施落后、水资源和其他资源短缺，村民始终处于抗击极端贫困的前沿。
以前，近百分之八十的村民都曾住在硬土坯房里。这些房子坐落在贫瘠的山坡上，许多房子都没有通水电，也没有其他基本设施，村民只能通过土路进入村子，而最近的医院离村子有9公里。
当一项供水工程把宝贵的水资源直接送到村民家中的时候，他们很快就获得了一条生命线。这项工程包括15公里长的地下管道和7座水库，能使村民家里的水龙头无论何时都可以流淌出清澈的水来。
在这十年间，村民们搬到了现代化的房子里，先进的农机打造出270多公顷的梯田，太阳能灯照亮了街道，便利店纷纷开门营业，公共广场成了村民休闲娱乐的场所。
村里有了最新的医疗设备，包括装配齐全的诊所，帮助乡亲们预防和治疗疾病。
快速的发展
布楞沟村的快速发展是全国人民下定决心要在今年年底结束极端贫困的一个侧面。中国极端贫困的标准是人均年收入低于2300元。八年前，布楞沟村农民的人均纯收入为1624元，明显低于省平均水平。村民贫困率高达96%。
截至2018年底，村民人均可支配收入达到6815元，是2012年收入的4倍多。
东乡县是甘肃23个贫困县之一，总面积约1510平方公里，全县31万多人。截至2013年底，东乡贫困人口为10.91万人。据当地政府数据显示，到2019年底，这一数字降至1.28万，114个村庄撕掉了贫困标签，农村居民人均可支配收入达到5906元。
为进一步推进供水工程和高效农业开发区的建设，县里确定发展包括牛羊养殖厂、中药材种植基地和林果种植园在内的支柱产业，以及建设乡镇旅游示范中心辅助经济发展。畜牧业的发展为村民带来了168万只羊，为每一户贫困家庭增加了1100多元的收入。
在过去5年里，47岁的布楞沟村民马建英一直是一家牧羊合作社的负责人。在政府提供的贷款和补助的支持下，他修建了500平方米的羊舍，可以养300多只羊，每年能赚20多万元。
与扶贫措施出台前他的生活相比，他现在的生活无疑有个巨大的改善。当时他的五口之家只能依靠在一块0.27公顷的土地上种植玉米和土豆来维持生活。
“我们的羊肉质量优质，远近闻名，是我们生活的重要来源。”马建英说。“好羊肉，加上道路交通、物流网络和其他先进的基础设施，为我们铺垫了一条坚实的前进道路。”
同样，马铃薯生产也是该县农业发展的重要组成部分，总投资超过2000万元，该产业在洮河经济带沿线建设了18667公顷农田和加工厂。
东乡金银花产业链项目去年拥有247公顷试种植场地。一块面积0.67公顷的土地能产约150公斤的金银花，每公斤金银花售价24元，每块土地平均利润可超过3000元。根据当地的扶贫计划，今年还将投资3500万元，在13个乡镇667公顷的土地上推广种植金银花。
该县还有望发展新兴产业，以进一步改善民生。“十三五”规划期间（2016-2020年），东乡投资6.2亿元实施发电101兆瓦的光伏工程，建设村级光伏发电站35座，为100多个贫困村供电。
这些项目预计将会创造超过1.13亿元的收入，使人均家庭收入增加至少3000元，并帮助村民在20年内维持这样的收入水平。
从电子商务到旅游业的新兴领域都在推进类似的项目。
加油实干
东乡县委副书记杨志军说，接下来要采取的措施包括建立防止“返贫”的监测机制，其中包括确保实现为贫困村民制定的重点收入目标，并落实帮扶措施，以应对灾害、疾病和其他可能对村民生活产生不利影响的因素。
他说：“可持续发展的产业是稳定收入增长的关键。为此，我们将努力延长生产链，帮助村民增加收入。”
2018年4月，该县还推出了更多项目，鼓励村里的妇女参加涵盖农业到食品制造等各行业的技能培训和就业安置。在一个月内，通过技能培训帮助30多名妇女找到了工作，平均月收入达3000元。
29岁的马娟一直在鼓励更多的女性加入布楞沟村的各个行业。三年前，马娟在城市完成大学学业后回到东乡老家，帮助制作和销售东乡族的传统面点油馃馃。
布楞沟油馃馃生产厂雇用了包括村民马麦勒则在内的16名妇女。据报道，该工厂月产量为12吨，价值28万元，这反映了这位年轻企业家通过最新营销手段、电子商务和其他技术帮助村子发展的成绩。
马娟说：“我想带来一些积极的变化，包括让妇女参加工作和妇女赋能。”
她说：“一开始，我想离开这个地方逃离贫困，但后来我的想法发生了变化，我觉得回到村里并为它带来变化是很重要的。”
村党委负责人单斌杰说，基础设施和服务这几年持续改善，不仅提升了村民的生活质量，也打通了村子与外界的联系。
“那些离开村子的人也看到了村子的发展，都被吸引回来开始创业，为村子做贡献。”他说。
孙强是布楞沟小学的老师，七年前，他从400公里外的甘肃省平凉市来到这里。后来这所小学从山坡上搬到了山脚下的新校舍。新校舍有一座两层的综合大楼、供孩子们读书的阅读角、包括一个电脑教室在内的六个教室，还有食堂和教师宿舍。
30岁的孙强说：“我刚来的时候，我一开始想离开，因为这里的条件很艰苦。但是他们建议我坚持下去，因为情况很快就会好起来的……现实的确如此。”
学生全员入学
该村有60多名学生，学校和幼儿园的入学率达百分之百。现在至少有三名学生已经毕业，并被大学录取。
“如今与这里结缘的老师都不愿离开，”孙强说。“他们至少会待上几年。我最大的欣慰就是学生能够表现好，成绩有所提高。”
东乡县委副书记杨志军说，去年该县花费近2亿元新建、修缮和扩建52所学校和3所幼儿园，今年计划再投入2.4亿元用于教育行业和下一代的培养，重点增加无障碍设施，以质量求创新，为持续发展指明道路。
“我们希望在我们的发展过程中一个村民都不落下，”他说。
（完）
代表作3
原文
Full commitment to sustain improved lives
Enterprise, expertise help enable ethnic community to maintain firm path to prosperity
By Alexis Hooi and Zhang Li in Huanjiang, Guangxi
In 1994, agricultural researcher Zeng Fuping arrived deep amid the karst mountains of South China's Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region.
Zeng, then 30, was part of a team studying the use of latest farming practices and technology, to improve the lives of ethnic communities in the HuanjiangMaonan autonomous county of Guangxi's northern area.
His assignment was supposed to last just two to three years, but Zeng quickly realized the importance of his work and extended his stay – 26 years on, he is still there.
"One task led to another and there was much to do. It only seemed natural that I remain here," Zeng said.
In the past three decades, Zeng has made major contributions to the lives of the ethnic Maonan villagers. Those include resettling poverty-hit residents in new communities based on environmentally sustainable practices that leverage local geographical and other advantages, setting exemplary measures for at least 400,000 residents in similar moves in the region.
One of Zeng's projects involves an "alternative animal husbandry model" based on converting the area's flood-prone land into plots for growing grass and other plant species that can feed high-yielding livestock and prevent erosion of the fragile soil at the same time.
Following the approach that ties technological expertise with commercial enterprise and green agriculture, Zeng and his team of specialists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences trained Huanjiang's farmers to expand the experimental planting zones, subsequently improving the local ecological landscape and raking in sustainable income for them. The county records capacity of 50,000 metric tons of the livestock forage a year, with net income from the new methods up to 10 times that from the common corn previously grown sporadically.
"The farmers were unsure initially and they questioned growing something that they could not eat. But they saw the results themselves and gradually gained the confidence to follow through," said Zeng, who is also the county's deputy chief on top of his work at the academy's Institute of Subtropical Agriculture.
Zeng's lifelong commitment on the ground in Huanjiang reflects the nationwide, all-inclusive resolve in successfully eradicating by this year extreme poverty — defined as living with less than 2,300 yuan ($345) in annual income — and improving lives throughout the country.
Guangxi is home to 12 ethnic groups including the Zhuang, Yao, Miao, Dong and Maonan, with Huanjiang being a key county at the front lines of the fight against poverty as one of the 20 deeply impoverished counties in Guangxi itself. Maonan members comprise one of the country's smallest ethnic communities – about 70 percent of Maonan people, or 64,500, live in Huanjiang, making it the only Maonan autonomous county.
At the end of 2015, there were 66,600 Huanjiang residents who had not been lifted out of poverty, with the poverty rate recorded at 19.56 percent. Among those, Maonan members numbered 14,700, making up 22.07 percent of the poor.
Within the decade, efforts like those of Zeng's have formed a multi-pronged, multilevel fight against poverty, ranging from agriculture and industry to healthcare and housing, that has reaped impressive results for the area. From 2016 to 2019, a total of 65,900 residents in the county were lifted from poverty, with 14,152 Maonan members among that group. The county's poverty rate also fell to 1.48 percent. On May 11, the regional government affirmed that Huanjiang was lifted from poverty and it was removed from the national list of impoverished counties. Huanjiang has since received national accolades for its anti-poverty achievements.
President Xi Jinping himself has called on the Maonan people to make their lives more prosperous. Xi, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, had pushed for the elimination of poverty for the entire Maonan ethnic group in his earlier remarks.
Xi said he was pleased to know that all Maonan people have shaken off poverty and their lives have improved significantly.
Not a single ethnic group can be left behind in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and the Maonan people themselves should take poverty elimination as a new starting point for a better life, he said.
In turn, the Maonan representatives in Huanjiang recently penned together their thoughts to Xi, sharing with him their joy at being lifted from poverty and expressing their firm determination to build their hometown in line with the Party's work.
Huang Rongbiao, the county's Party secretary, said the encouraging results from placing poverty alleviation as a top priority will serve to boost its development.
"We've focused on main areas including capacity building for residents led by proven expertise, industry and infrastructure," he said.
Planting success
Karst landscapes make up about 40 percent of Huanjiang, which faces significant drought, flood and soil erosion risks because of its topography. The forage production to build a sustainable cattle industry encouraged by Zeng Fuping and his team has since helped to stem those risks – the green project covers about 12,000 hectares and 132,000 heads of cattle. The county records an average annual rate of 30,000 cattle added to the project, with each cow allowing farmers to increase their income by 3,500 yuan to 5,000 yuan per capita.
Mo Yousheng, 50, manages the 20 hectares set aside for cultivating the forage and breeding the cattle under the 3-year-old Fulin ecological agriculture development group in Huanjiang. The facility grows lallang-like grass and paper mulberry trees to process into cattle fodder. More than 200 cattle can be bred on site, with annual production capacity of over 300 cattle to meet demand for Huanjiang's popular beef products.
"The anti-pest and drought-resistant forage can help hold back the landslides here and it has proven to be good for cattle production. We also help villagers look after the cows that they receive from the government as part of poverty alleviation measures – each household receives at least one cow – which they can then sell when it's ready, adding to their income," said Mo, who was an English teacher before turning to livestock farming to tap the agricultural opportunities.
"Business is growing. We are looking at taking in more cattle, including foreign Simmental breeds on top of the local ones," he said.
Many villagers like Tan Junxin are benefiting from the efforts to bank on the local cattle industry as part of anti-poverty measures. The resident of Xianan town in Huanjiang worked odd jobs to scrap by and support his four-member household, including two teenage sons, before turning to raising livestock about five years ago. With the help of training and government support totaling about 20,000 yuan, Tan, 45, made the successful switch to cattle – he shed his poverty label in 2017 and now makes up to 40,000 yuan a year from the livestock.
"There are challenges and I'm still learning, such as making sure the cattle get proper care and don't succumb to hot weather or bugs and worms, but I'm also thinking of scaling up from the current 10 cows. People know our environment is good and nurtures tasty beef,' he said.
"All these improvements we've had … We depend on them to provide well for the children."
The town's vice-head, Lu Xiaodong, 33, said cattle breeding is a proven model suited to local conditions, with more than 3 million yuan injected to aid at least 73 poverty-hit households.
"Our households are set to reap more than 20,000 yuan each from the program this year," Lu said.
Huanjiang's plans to further develop agriculture into a pillar industry include targeted fruit-growing zones covering more than 9,000 hectares and traditional medicinal crops on 2,000 hectares.
Tangerine farmer Tan Meichun, 45, is one of Maonan members who wrote the letter to President Xi.
Five years ago, Tan and her husband loaned 100,000 yuan from the government, interest free, in line with the development plans to cultivate cash crops. They grew tangerines on more than 2 hectares in the area. The sweet fruit proved to be popular and in 2018, Tan set up an agricultural cooperative, bringing together 60 households, including 14 poverty-hit families. Their tangerine plantation, covering more than 18 hectares, raked in an annual income of about 1 million yuan last year.
It is a life-changing difference from the time Tan's five-member had to subsist on piecemeal farmwork and her job stints outside the county.
"Our tangerines are naturally sweet. There are no severe storms or strong winds here to affect them," Tan said.
"We will continue to maximize the planting seasons and tap new platforms like e-commerce. The improving roads and logistics networks, such as the planned high-speed rail through the area, will also count," she said.
"It's a big change, from before the anti-poverty measures rolled out. Now, when I touch these tangerine trees and their fruit, even my heart can feel the sweetness from them in my life."
Comprehensive growth
To help scale up from the agricultural inroads made by residents like Tan Meichun, Huanjiang authorities are rolling out high-tech industrial areas to tap cooperation with leading enterprises, integrating research and development, production, sales and services projects, providing more than 5,000 jobs for relocated residents. More than 100 skills workshops have supported hiring for relocated residents numbering over 2,600, according to latest figures.
The local government continues to place priority on improved housing for residents under its comprehensive development road map. During the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-20) period, at least nine major relocation sites for poverty alleviation involved nearly 18,000 residents of more than 4,300 households, accounting for about one-quarter of impoverished communities.
In terms of medical care, investments include more standardized facilities to improve village clinic networks and physician follow-up services to further improve healthcare security for poverty-hit and relocated households.
More than 80 million yuan has also been invested in Huanjiang's early education sector, with the coverage rate of inclusive kindergartens hitting over 90 percent and the enrollment rate of preschool education at 95.3 percent. In line with plans to boost the educational sector and ensure zero dropout rates, advanced facilities and educational services are rolling out at relocated communities.
Building and preserving the cultural sphere is also an important element of Huanjiang's development path for the ethnic community, with at least 27 teams and groups set up to promote and practice literary and artistic training courses, as well as local drama and folk, song and dance performances.
Xianan resident Tan Jianxin, 68, is one of the few remaining master craftsmen of traditional MaonanNuo dance masks used in ethnic rituals and celebrations. He runs government-supported craftsmanship workshops, numbering about 20 participants each, for poverty-hit villagers. Tan takes about a week to create a handmade wooden face mask, which can fetch about 800 yuan. The larger versions, more than a meter high, each take him about one month to make and are bought by museums and serious collectors for about 8,000 yuan apiece.
"I'm a sixth-generation mask maker and I've been doing this my whole life. The anti-poverty development focus has turned this into a viable profession. You can make up to 60,000 yuan a year," said Tan, who has four main apprentices, including his 36-year-old son, aside from the poverty-hit residents who sign up for his workshops. The work is not easy, Tan said, with the eyes, nose and mouth the hardest features of the mask to carve.
"You have to start over again if you don't do it well. But it's a chance to preserve our heritage and learn an important, lifelong skill for making a living at the same time," he said.
"It's worth it, once you commit to it."
END
译文
全力以赴让广西毛南族群众的生活红火起来
创业和专业让毛南族人走上坚实的富裕之路
记者：Alexis Hooi、张莉
编者按：中国将在明年中国共产党成立100周年之前实现消除极端贫困的目标，本系列报道聚焦中国不同地区为消除贫困和改善民生所做的努力。
1994年，农业研究员曾馥平抵达位于中国南方的广西壮族自治区的喀斯特山脉深处。
当时30岁的曾馥平是一个研究团队的成员，该团队研究使用最新耕作方法和技术，以改善广西北部地区环江毛南族自治县少数民族的生活。
他的任务本应只持续两到三年，但曾馥平很快意识到了他的工作的重要性，并延长了他的逗留时间——26年过去了，他仍然在那里。
“一项任务接着另一项任务，有很多事要做。我留在这里是理所当然的，”曾馥平说。
在过去三十年中，曾馥平为提高毛南族村民的生活水平做出巨大贡献。其中包括根据环境可持续发展的实践，利用当地的地理和其他优势，将受贫困影响的居民重新安置在新的社区，为广西规划安置40万人提供了示范样板。
曾馥平的一个项目涉及一种“替代型草食畜牧业发展模式”，其基础是将该地区易受洪水影响的土地转化为种植牧草和其他植物的地块，不仅可以喂养高产的牲畜，还能防止脆弱的土壤被侵蚀。
按照将技术与企业和绿色农业相结合的方法，曾馥平和他的中国科学院专家团队培训环江的农民扩大实验种植区，从而改善当地的生态环境，并为当地居民带来可持续的收入。该县数据显示，该县每年可生产5万吨的牧草，新方法带来的净收入是以前零星种植玉米的10倍。
“农民们起初并不确定，他们质疑种植他们不能吃的东西。但他们自己看到了结果，并逐渐获得了继续干下去的信心。”曾馥平说。在中国科学院的亚热带农业研究所工作之余，他还担任该县的副县长。
曾馥平在环江扶贫的毕生承诺反映了在今年之前成功消除极端贫困和改善全国人民生活的全面决心。中国的脱贫标准即人均年收入达到2300元（345美元）。
广西有12个民族，包括壮族、瑶族、苗族、侗族和毛南族，而环江作为广西本身的20个极度贫困县之一，是脱贫攻坚的前线。环江县是全中国唯一的毛南族自治县——约70%的毛南族人，即64,500人，居住在环江，组成了全国最小的民族社区之一。
截至2015年底，环江县有6.66万名居民尚未摆脱贫困，贫困率为19.56%。其中，毛南族有1.47万人，占贫困人口的 22.07%。
十年来，像曾馥平一样所做的努力形成了多管齐下、多措并举助力脱贫攻坚的局面，从农业和工业到医疗和住房，环江县脱贫攻坚取得重大进展。2016年至2019年，环江县贫困人口累计脱贫6.59万人，其中毛南族减贫14152人，全县贫困发生率降到了1.48%。5月11日，广西壮族自治区人民政府对环江毛南族自治县作出了同意脱贫摘帽的正式批复，至此，环江正式退出贫困县序列。环江扶贫工作获得全国赞誉。
中共中央总书记、国家主席习近平呼吁毛南族人民创造更美好的生活。习近平主席在他此前的讲话中，曾推动毛南族整族脱贫。
习近平表示，得知毛南族实现整族脱贫、乡亲们的生活有了明显改善，他感到很高兴。
他说，全面建成小康社会，一个民族都不能少。希望乡亲们把脱贫作为奔向更加美好新生活的新起点，再接再厉，让日子越过越红火。
同样，环江县毛南族群众代表给习近平总书记写信，汇报当地毛南族实现脱贫的喜悦心情，表达了坚定不移跟党走、再接再厉建设好家乡的决心。
环江县党委书记黄荣彪称，将扶贫作为首要任务所取得的成果令人鼓舞，将有助于促进当地的发展。
他说：“我们重点关注由成熟的专业知识引领的居民能力建设、工业和基础设施等主要领域。”
种植牧草发展养牛业
环江的喀斯特地貌约占40%，由于其地形，环江面临着严重的干旱、洪涝和水土流失风险。在曾福平和他的团队的鼓励下，当地开始种植牧草以建立一个可持续发展的养牛业，有助于遏制这些风险——环江县发展林下种草1.2万公顷、养殖菜牛13.2 万头。数据显示，全县平均每年增加3万头牛，每头牛能帮助农民人均增收3500至5000元。
50岁的莫优生管理着环江富林生态农业有限公司用于种植牧草和养殖牛群的20公顷土地。该公司建立时间仅3年，种植类似白茅根的牧草和构树，以加工成牛饲料。现场可饲养200多头牛，年产量超过300头，以满足环江牛肉产品的市场需求。
“抗虫、抗旱的牧草可以帮助挡住这里的山体滑坡，而且事实证明它对养牛有好处。我们还帮助村民照顾政府为扶贫而发放的牛——每户至少得到一头牛——他们可以在牛长大后出售，增加他们的收入。”莫优生说，他在转向畜牧业挖掘农业机会之前是一名英语教师。
他说：“业务正在增长。我们正考虑引进更多的牛，除了本地牛，我们还打算引进外国西门塔尔品种的牛。”
当地养牛业是扶贫措施的一部分，许多像谭俊新这样的村民正从养牛中受益。以前，这位环江县下南乡的村民靠打零工维持生计，养活他的四口之家，包括两个十几岁的儿子，然后在大约五年前转向饲养牲畜。在培训和政府支持2万元的帮助下，45岁的谭俊新成功地转向养牛业——他在2017年摆脱了贫困，现在每年从养牛业可以赚到4万元。
“有一些挑战，我还在学习，例如确保牛得到适当的照顾，不受炎热天气或虫子的影响，目前我有10头牛，正在考虑扩大养殖规模。大家都知道我们的环境很好，养出的牛肉味道鲜美。”他说。
“我们依靠这些改善措施来给孩子们提供良好的生活。”
33岁的下南乡副乡长卢晓东说，养牛是一种适合当地条件的成熟模式，目前已注入了300多万元，至少援助73个贫困户。
卢晓东说：“今年，我们每户将从养牛中获得2万多元的收益。”
环江将进一步发展农业成为支柱产业，计划种植特色水果9000多公顷，中草药2000公顷。
45岁的柑橘种植户谭美春是给习主席写信的毛南族成员之一。
五年前，谭美春和她的丈夫从政府那里无息贷款10万元以种植经济作物。他们在当地2公顷多的土地上种植柑橘。事实证明，这种美味的水果很受欢迎。2018年，谭美春成立了一个农业合作社，汇集了60户家庭，包括14户贫困家庭。他们的柑橘种植园占地超过18公顷，去年的年收入约为100万元。
此前，谭美春一家五口人不得不靠零散的农活和在县外的工作来维持生计，与之相比，生活发生了翻天覆地的改变。
“我们的柑橘是天然甜的。这里没有严重的风暴或强风影响。”谭美春说。
她说：“我们将继续最大限度地延长种植季节，并利用电商等新平台。例如计划穿过该地区的高铁等不断完善的道路和物流网络也将起到促进作用。”
“与扶贫政策出台前相比，这是一个很大的变化。现在，当我触摸这些树和柑橘时，连我的心都能感受到它们给我的生活带来的甜蜜。”
着力综合发展
为了帮助像谭美春这样的村民在农业方面取得更大的进展，环江当局正在推出高科技产业区，以利用与龙头企业合作的机会，整合研发、生产、销售和服务项目，为搬迁居民提供5000多个就业机会。据最新数据显示，100多个技能讲习班的举办支持了2,600多名搬迁居民的就业。
当地政府在其综合发展中继续优先考虑改善居民的住房条件。在“十三五”（2016-2020）期间，至少有9个主要扶贫搬迁点，涉及4300多户近1.8万名居民，约占贫困社区的四分之一。
在医疗方面，将投资更多的标准化设施，以完善村级诊所网络和医生随访服务，进一步提高贫困户和搬迁户的医疗保障。
在环江的早教领域也投资了8000多万元，包容性幼儿园覆盖率达到90%以上，学前教育入学率达到95.3%。根据促进教育的计划，确保零辍学率，搬迁的社区安装了先进的设施，并开展了教育服务。
建设和保护文化也是环江少数民族地区发展的重要内容，成立了至少27个社团和小组，以促进和开展文学和艺术培训课程，以及地方戏剧和民俗、歌曲和舞蹈表演。
68岁的下南乡居民谭建新是健在的少数几个毛南族自治县傩面具技艺传承人，傩面具常用于民族仪式和庆典中。他为贫困村民开办了由政府支持的手工艺讲习班，每班约有20人参加。谭建新制作一个手工木制傩面具大约需要一周时间，可以卖到800元左右。较大的、超过一米高的傩面具，每个都需要花一个月的时间来制作，博物馆和收藏家以大约8000元人民币的价格购买。
“我是第六代傩面具制作传承人，我一辈子都在做这个。脱贫攻坚已经把傩面具制作变成了一个可行的职业，每年可以赚到6万元。”谭建新说。他有四个主要的学徒，包括他36岁的儿子，还有一些报名参加他的手工艺讲习班的贫困居民。这个工作并不容易，谭建新说，眼睛、鼻子和嘴是傩面具上最难雕刻的地方。
“如果你做得不好，你必须重新开始。但这是一个保护我们的文化遗产的机会，同时也是学习一个重要的、终身的谋生技能。”他说。
“一旦你致力于此，一切都是值得的。”
（完）
